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The Battle of Chosin Reservoir, Chosin also known as Changjing, was part of the Second Chinese Offensive (November–December 1950) at the start of the Korean War to drive the United Nations out of North Korea. The Chosin Reservoir Campaign was directed against the US X Corps' 1st Marine Division, which was established primarily in eastern North Korea and moved inland into the mountainous region near the reservoir in severe winter weather. The campaign forced the evacuation of the entire X Corps to South Korea, but the Chinese did not achieve their goal of isolating and destroying the 1st Marine Division. Instead, in a deliberate retrograde move that became one of the most important stories for the Marine Corps, the Marines turned and fought their way up a narrow, unguarded route through several mountain passes and connected gorges. with a bridge. the coast
Map Of Chosin Reservoir
After the successful landing of the X Corps at Inchon in September 1950, the United Nations Command (UNC), under the direction of the President of the United States. The Harry S. Truman Administration and the UN General Assembly pursued the remnants of the communist Korean People's Army into North Korea. Under the orders of General Douglas MacArthur, commander of all Allied forces at the United Nations, the US Eighth Army crossed the 38th parallel (the pre-war border) on October 7 and advanced along the western side of the Korean peninsula toward Pyongyang. The capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Meanwhile, MacArthur repositioned X Corps on the east coast of Korea in amphibious ships around the peninsula. X Corps (commanded by Major General Edward M. Almond) included the 1st Marine Division (Major General Oliver P. ["OP."] Smith), 7th Infantry Division (Major General David G. Barr). , and the 3rd Infantry Division (Major General Robert H. Soule). The troops also took control of the capital and the 3rd Division of the South Korean I Corps crossing the 38th parallel of the East Coast Highway.
Puerto Rican Soldiers In The Korean War: The Battle Of Chosin Reservoir
What MacArthur did not know was that the Chinese feared such an attack after the Incheon landing. The Chinese began preparations for war by sending weapons and support troops to North Korea. Meanwhile, Chinese combat divisions, about 21 but expanded to 33 by December, were ready to move against UNC ground forces in Manchuria. On 18–19 October, Chinese leader Mao Zedong, after considerable deliberation, ordered key elements of the Chinese People's Volunteer Force (CPVF) under General Peng Dehuai to move against Pyongyang and the advancing Eighth Army. followed two separate routes to the border with China on the Yalu River.
Between October 25 and November 6, the first Chinese offensive surprised the Eighth Army, damaging one American and four South Korean divisions at the Battle of Onjun-Unsan. To the east, two American divisions of the X Corps landed on 26 and 29 October, while the South Korean I Corps headed north along the coastal road to the Sino-Soviet border. The wide distribution of these units made them an interesting target for the Chinese. On November 2–4, the South Koreans and US Marines fought their first battle against the Chinese at Sudong, inland from the port of Hungnam. There, the Marine Regiment destroyed the attacking division, killing at least 662 Chinese soldiers.
Underestimating the combat capability of the CPVF, MacArthur ordered Badam to advance into the interior of the Chosin Reservoir with the 1st Marine and 7th Infantry Divisions. From there, the two divisions would move west toward the mining town of Kanggi, where Chinese and North Korean forces were concentrated—a maneuver that would position X Corps against the Eighth Army to the north and to the rear of the CPVF's armies. MacArthur's scheme required driving 88 km (55 mi) of single-track unpaved road through the heart of the Tebek Mountains in cold and stormy weather. Smith told Almond that the plan was too complicated, but Almond, working directly under MacArthur, ordered the Marines to advance.
X Corps' first objective was the village of Hagaru-ri, near the southern edge of the reservoir, a narrow mountain lake that supplies hydroelectric power to North Korea's mining industry. The lake's current name is Changjin Reservoir, but during the Japanese annexation of Korea (1910–45) it was renamed Chosen, the Japanese name for Korea. Through successive translations and hasty maps, the reservoir became known as Chosin and remains so to this day to American veterans of the Korean War. After all, it was a cold and barren battlefield where only explosives and bulldozers could dig deep into the frozen ground.
Chosin Few (korean War
Transporting supplies by truck, the 1st Marine Division established battalion bases at Chinhung-ni and Kot'o-ri, villages along the Main Supply Route (MSR), X Corps' name for the route to the reservoir. The division began its final march to the Reservoir on 13 November with two reinforced regiments, the 7th and 5th Marines, in column and guard. Each regiment had a regimental combat team consisting of artillery battalions, a tank company, engineers, headquarters and service units. On 15 November, the main elements of the 7th Marines reached Hagaru-ri. From there, the regiment prepared for its next advance, to Yudam-ni, 22 km (14 mi) west of the reservoir, while the 5th Marines moved cautiously up the right bank of the reservoir.
Dissatisfied with this dangerous deployment, General Smith persuaded Almond to concentrate his Marines at Hagaru-ri and replace his eastern forces with a unit from the 7th Infantry Division. Almond ordered General Barr to form a regimental combat team consisting of two infantry battalions, one artillery battalion, and other troops. Commanded by Colonel Allan D. McLean, the 31st Infantry Regiment consisted of 3,200 Americans and Koreans. He replaced the Marines east of the reservoir on 25 November. Smith used this operational hiatus to strengthen Hagaru-ri's defenses and construct a crude airfield for emergency and medical evacuation. A battalion of Marines commanded the most vulnerable part of the perimeter, but most of the position had to be manned by non-infantry units. The Marine Corps' investment in making "every Marine a shooter" will soon pay dividends.magazine. This map shows the Korean War battle of the Chosin Reservoir in North Korea between November 27 and December 11, 1950. Marines serving as US Army and UN troops are stationed on both sides of the man-made lake. Outnumbered eight to one by the attacking Chinese troops, they were forced to withdraw from hostile terrain - retreating 78 miles south in minus 30 degree temperatures.
Those who survive this mission are called the "Chosen Few". I met one of them recently at my mother-in-law's house. "Mr. John" one day took a card out of his wallet that read "The Chosin Few". It was several months before I took this assignment so I hadn't heard of the battle before, but I went home and read a little about it. of. The emergence of this project was a coincidence. "Mr. John" served with the 7th Marines, stationed at the farthest point on the northwest side of the reservoir.
When I finished this map, Google released a group map of North Korea and allowed public access to the locations. I was able to give this map the Battle of Chosin tank. It is the only thing discovered in the very large empty area of North Korea.
North Korea's Hydroelectric Power
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